More War Diaries: Alexander Cooper Jackson Story (1898-1918)

Alexander Cooper Jackson died on 8 August 1918. The significance of that date is that it was the first day of the Battle of Amiens, the opening phase of the Allied offensive on the Western Front which was to eventually push the Germans out of France and end the war. This part of the war was to be known as the Hundred Days Offensive.

I mentioned Alexander in a previous post on 11 November 2018, titled Cooper Family Soldiers. The post briefly related the stories of four of my wife’s family who served in the military, two of them dying in France in World War I. Alexander Cooper Jackson was my wife’s second cousin, once removed.

In a subsequent post, War Diaries and Trench Maps from WWI, I highlighted the area of the battle near Auchy, France, in which Alexander Cooper Jr. died on 3 April 1916, as well as the use of war diaries available on Ancestry and trench maps from the National Library of Scotland (NLS) website.

This story also involves a review of war diaries, this time for the 78^th Battalion Canadian Infantry, which was part of ten Allied divisions from Australia, Canada, Britain and France involved in the Amiens attack. The NLS trench maps are again useful in showing where the 78^th Battalion fought.

Alexander Cooper Jackson immigrated to Canada in 1912 from Govan, Scotland, to join his aunt, Margaret (Jackson) MacDonald, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He joined the Winnipeg Grenadiers, on 1 July 1915, just after his 17^th birthday. The Grenadiers would become part of the 78^th Battalion on 10 July 1915, itself part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. The battalion embarked for Europe on 20 May 1916 aboard the Empress of Britain. There is a complete record of the battalion’s activities in war diaries held by Library and Archives Canada in its Collections and Fonds – 1883275. LAC also has on file battle and other maps associated with WWI.

Left: 78th Canadian Infantry Battalion cap badge, Winnipeg Grenadiers; Right: A company of the 100th Winnipeg Grenadiers 1915; source Jeff Jonas, retrieved 10 May 2020 from World War One: A distant memory website; it is not known whether Alexander is in this photo

The 78^th Battalion fought in areas all along the Western Front, beginning in Belgium, in August 1916, just after the Battle of the Somme. In September 1916, they moved into France, advancing to the front lines near Bouzincourt. They were part of the Battle of Ancre in November 1916, the final large British Attack of the Somme Operations, and were involved in fighting in many front line postings around Arras and Souchez.

On 9 April 1917, as part of the 12^th Brigade, 4^th Canadian Division, the 78^th Battalion participated in the Battle of Vimy Ridge (north end of attack), taking the area with other Canadian brigades over the next five days. They continued fighting in the area through September 1917, gradually moving the Allied position further east. Alexander took part in all of these engagements.

Part of map: Vimy Ridge, April 9–12, 1917 Source: Gerald W.L. Nicholson, Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919: The Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War (1962); retrieved 10 May 2020 from Library and Archives Canada

In October 1917, the 78^th Battalion was briefly posted to Belgium again, as part of the Battle of Passchendaele.

In November 1917 they were returned to the Souchez area where they stayed to man the trenches into 1918. It was that region, in the Battle of Amiens, that Alexander was killed.

Part of map from War Museum of Canada showing the advances of the Australian, Canadian and French forces during the Battle of Amiens in August 1918; red ‘X’ marks probable location of the death of Alexander Cooper Jackson; red ‘C’ marks Caix British Cemetery where Alexander was buried

The circumstances stated on Alexander’s service record indicate “He was with his battalion following up the general advance on the morning of August 8^th, 1918. On reaching the village of Hangard the enemy dropped a barrage of heavy shells instantly killing Private Jackson and six others.” He was buried in the Caix British Cemetery, France, seven miles to the east, together with seven of his battalion brothers. The cemetery is located around the spot the Allied army had reached by the end of the day of the 8^th.

The particular operations in the Battle of Amiens in which Alexander participated was code-named, Llandovery Castle, in honour of the Canadian hospital ship of that name which had been torpedoed and sunk on 27 June 1918. A total of 23 men were killed on the first day, August 8^th, including one officer. Another 101 were wounded and two were reported missing. By the end of the operation on 11 August, a total of 51 men of the 78^th Battalion had been killed, 209 wounded and 55 were missing in action.

A full report of the days operations was written by Lieutenant Colonel James Kirkaldy, part of the battalion’s war diaries. It began: “Sharp at 5.30 A.H. on the morning of the 8th the Battalion moved from its jumping off position E. of the B. de GENTELLES towards HANGARD Village where it was to make a crossing of the RIVER LUCE. This was accomplished by all Companies by 7.35 A.H. and with very slight casualties. The Battalion Headquarters crossed the river about half an hour later suffering a number of casualties N. of HANGARD WOOD during its advance.” And that is where Alexander fell.

When reading the war diaries, it is difficult to imagine the conditions under which these young men lived: cold and wet weather for days on end; limited rations; digging, cleaning and slogging through narrow trenches along the front lines; long days of boredom; brief respites when a bath and clean underwear even weekly were highlights; enduring bombardments; and participating in the horrors of battle.

We remember these men through family correspondence, stories told by military historians, in brief dispatches and diaries kept by their comrades and in short reports of their lives published in their home newspapers. And we honour them as brave ancestors dedicated to fighting for freedom and democracy.

Source: Winnipeg Evening Tribune, 3 September 1918

Some of the Perils of Online Databases - 1

In preparation for a talk I gave recently about Online Parish Clerks, I reviewed some of the examples of entries in English parish registers again. We all recognize there are many inaccurate transcriptions on the online websites, mainly due I think to people not being familiar with old handwriting. It does not help that many transcribers are not familiar with the people or communities shown in the original records being interpreted and can misinterpret what the records actually say.

There are always shortcomings with indexes – spelling errors, missed notes, poor transcription of old handwriting, etc. There is no substitute for seeing the real records, whether the originals in record offices or images from scans and photographs. Sometimes, though, you can run into unexpected problems with the images stemming from inconsistencies between datasets or sometimes careless work in the duplication, transcribing and indexing processes.

Here is one example. I will have more to show in subsequent posts.

Mary Smith

A few years ago, I was searching for information about my 3^rd great-grandmother. Her name was Mary Pearson, née Smith, and, according to many records, she was born in Ashow parish, Warwickshire around the turn of the 19th century.

There was only one Smith child baptized in Ashow during the time period of 1796 and 1803, when various documents indicated Mary was born. It was a female, but none of FamilySearch or the commercial databases, Ancestry, FindMyPast or TheGenealogist, had her first name. Ancestry, TheGenealogist and FamilySearch all had images of the baptism register page, but the particular event was not clear as the page had been torn and a corner folded down right over the child’s forename.

The Online Parish Clerk for the area, Susan Tall, went to the record office to get a close-up view of the register. She was able to unfold the tear and sent me a photo of the name. This little girl, Mary, based on other information we had, had to be my ancestor. The information also then gave us information on her parents and a few generations back.

Right: Ashow, Warwickshire baptism register page – 1795-1799; page torn and folded under at 6 August 1797 baptism entry for Smith child (source – Warwickshire County Record Office, Warwick, England, Warwickshire Anglican Registers, Roll: Engl/2/1053, Document Reference: DR 156 retrieved 22 October 2011 from Ancestry.com); Left Bottom: enlargement of portion of entry at 6 August 1797; Left Top: photo of unfolded tear at 6 August 1797 entry showing name of Mary Smith

Remedies

If there is a discrepancy between different images, such as between parish registers and Bishop’s Transcripts, let those in charge know so they can get the right information online or at least append notes to recognize the differences.

In all cases where information is inconsistent or in obvious error, consult as many other sources as possible to determine what the true facts or most likely interpretations are. Remember that all records were made by people using information they were given my others and may contain errors of fact or transposition.

Our Heirloom Watches: A gift of time

This past Christmas my wife and I literally gave each of our grandchildren a gift of time.

Several heirloom watches had come down to us from our parents and grandparents. Four of the watches were passed along to our four grandchildren who we hope will also treasure them and eventually leave them to their children or grandchildren.

James Shepheard’s Pocket Watch

The pocket watch pictured here belonged to my Great-Grandfather James Shepheard. The watch had been in the possession of my grandfather, James Pearson Shepheard until he died in 1965. It came down to my father and then to me. I recently had the watch cleaned and repaired. It does run, but because of its age it still does not keep completely accurate time.

The watch may have been given to James as a birthday or wedding present. Or he may have purchased it himself once he was established in his working life. The watch was owned by four generations of Shepheard men making it a prized family heirloom.

It was given to grandson Ethan Charles, through his father, James, making it to a 6^th generation of owners.

Pocket watch owned by James Shepheard (1865-1940) – face and inside back of case

Watch Provenance

The watch is designated as a “key wound and set” which means a key is used to wind the movement and set the time.

The Gothic letter "u" stamped into the case indicates a manufacture date of 1883/1884. The Standard Mark of a lion “passant” (walking) shows the case was made of sterling silver with 92.5% purity. The watch case has an assay mark for the Chester Assay Office, a shield with the city’s coat of arms consisting of a sword and three sheaves of wheat. This was used by Liverpool case makers because there was no assay office in Liverpool and Chester was only a short train ride away. The maker's mark, "H.G" (also stamped) is most likely for Hugh Green of 20 Pownall Square, Liverpool. Scratch marks inside the case were made by watch repairers when the movement was serviced (cleaned and oiled) over the years.

Photograph of inside of back case showing the various hallmarks that indicate when and where the case was manufactured

The watch movement has several large jewels, called “Liverpool windows” that are typical of Liverpool work. The movement was made in Liverpool at around the same time the case was hallmarked. It is unlikely there was a single watchmaker. In the 19^th century, components of watches like this were made by several specialists and then assembled in a central factory.

The pocket-watch was purchased in Torquay, Devon, England, at the establishment of Mr. Edward Sermon. The movement is engraved with his name.

Edward Sermon was originally from Birmingham, England, and worked in that city as a jeweler from at least 1861 to 1881. In July 1881 he moved to Torquay, after purchasing a business owned by W. H. Tozer.  In several trade directories for Torquay between 1889 and 1902, Edward was listed under several categories: jewelers, diamond merchants, goldsmiths, opticians, pearl merchant, silversmiths, stone & marble merchants and watch & clock makers. His retail business was located at 10 Victoria Parade, near the harbour.

Photograph of the watch movement showing the name of “Edwd. Sermon” of “Torquay” and the watch number “5338”; engraving of name and birth date on case

A lever is present to adjust the watch either slower (S) or faster (F). It is presently set toward the fast rate, but it does still tend to lose some time each day. Given the age of the watch, we probably won’t ever fix that problem.

We had my great-grandfather’s name and birth date engraved on the back of the watch so that anyone looking at it would know from whom it had come. The engraving is a duplication of his actual signature.

About James Shepheard (1865-1940)

James Shepheard was born at small farmstead called Dinnaton in Cornwood Parish, Devon, England, on 13 August 1865, to parents John Shepheard (1830-1901) and Mary Crispin Carpenter (1830-1890).

He married Mary Elizabeth Pearson (1866-1891) in 1890 and they took up residence at 13 Pennsylvania Road in Torquay. James was working as a gentleman’s servant and footman for a Torquay family at the time of his marriage. James Pearson Shepheard, the only son of James and Mary Elizabeth, was born in 1891 at the family residence in Torquay. His mother unfortunately died a few months later.

James came to Canada on 27 February 1913, on board the ship Ascania, to join his son who had immigrated here in 1907. James worked on farms in Alberta for many years including a short period when he homesteaded near Drayton Valley. In his last few years, he lived with his son’s family. James died on 30 October 1940 and was buried in Irricana.

James Pearson Shepheard’s Pocket Watch

The watch pictured here was owned by my grandfather, James Pearson Shepheard. It was given to me after his death in 1965. The watch was carried and used by him for many years. It may have been purchased prior to his leaving for Canada in 1907, either in Taunton, Somerset, England, or Birmingham where it was assembled.

The watch may have been given to James Pearson as a birthday present or going away gift when he immigrated to Canada. In any event he kept it his entire life and passed it on to his son, Bill, who gave it to me. The watch was owned by three generations of Shepheard men making it a prized family heirloom.

It was given to grandson Ian Alexander (Alec).

Pocket watch owned by James Pearson Shepheard (1891-1965) – face and movement

Watch Provenance

The movement was made by the American Waltham Watch Company in the USA. The original company commenced production of watches in 1851, but after a series of setbacks emerged as the American Waltham Watch Company in 1885. They continued to produce watches until 1957.

The serial number 12496312 on the movement confirms this watch was made in 1903. The watch is a stem wound and set movement, with a jewelled lever escapement with temperature compensation balance and Breguet over-coil balance spring. The train bearings are not jewelled, to keep cost down, hence the jewel count of seven; four bearings for the balance staff, the impulse pin and two lever pallets.

The watch case was made by Dennison, Wigley & Company, later to become the Dennison Watch Case Company, in Birmingham, England. The Dennison case is the “Star” grade rolled gold, guaranteed "to wear" 10 years (i.e. for the 9-carat gold outer plating not to wear through for at least 10 years in normal use). Rolled gold, or rolled gold plate, is a composite material where sheets of gold are bonded by heat and pressure to a core of base metal such as nickel or brass. The thickness of the gold determines how long the item will last in normal use before the gold wears through and the base metal shows.

The serial number, 55981, on the case is consistent with a 1903 Waltham movement for which Dennison cases were made in large numbers. The code S6F may indicate the persons who made the case joints ("hinges") and case itself. F is recorded as E. A. Furneaux, S as Albert Spiers. Although the movement was made in 1903 it would not necessarily have been cased the same year, but within a year or two. Marks have been stamped on James Pearson’s watch consisting of three symbols: a radiant sun, crescent moon and a star. The marks do not appear to indicate any specific type or grade of material, but simply are trademarks.

Inside of movement cover and watch case showing hallmarks indicating the maker and date of manufacture of the case

About James Pearson Shepheard (1891-1965)

James Pearson Shepheard, the only son of James Shepheard (1865-1940) and Mary Elizabeth Pearson (1866-1891), was born on 12 March 1891 at 13 Pennsylvania Road, the family residence in Torquay, Devon, England. 

James Pearson immigrated to Canada in 1907, on board the ship Empress of Britain, eventually settling in Irricana, Alberta. There he met, and in 1914 married Carrie Jane Thompson (1889-1959). They had five children together. After many decades of farming in Alberta, they relocated to Vancouver Island in 1944.

James Pearson died in Port Alberni, BC, on 12 September 1965.

The Pocket Watch Fob

The pocket watch has a fob attached that was owned by another of my great-grandfathers, Newton Isaac Thompson (1859-1937). Newton was James Pearson’s father-in-law. Photos of Newton taken in several years from 1895 to the 1930s show him wearing the watch fob. The later pictures have a different charm on the fob than the gold nugget presently attached.

The fob comes down through four generations. It eventually ended up with my sister and was passed along to me after she died. It was also given to Alec, attached to the Shepheard pocket watch.

Great-grandfather Newton Isaac Thompson, about 1936, and closeups of the watch fob

About Newton Isaac Thompson (1859-1937)

Newton Isaac Thompson was born on 29 October 1859 in Dunnville, Ontario, Canada, to parents John Thompson (1826-1908) and Elizabeth Emerson (1832-1867). Both parents had immigrated to Canada in the 1830s.

Newton moved to North Dakota, USA, in the 1870s, where he met and in 1884 married Margaret Mary Anderson (1857-1919). They had seven children there before they decided to come to Alberta in 1910. The family farmed in the Keoma, Alberta area for many decades.

In 1920, Newton retired to Seaview, Washington, USA. He died there on 20 November 1937.

William Calvin Shepheard’s Wristwatch

The wristwatch pictured here belonged to my father, William Calvin Shepheard (1914-1983). He acquired it in Calgary, Alberta, sometime in the mid-1960s. Dad continued to wear the watch until his death in 1983. The watch may have been given to Bill as a birthday or other special occasion present. After his death it came to me.

It was given to grandson Malcolm Macgregor (Mac).

About the Watch

The watch is a Rolex Oyster Perpetual (self winding) wristwatch with a metal three-piece link bracelet. The case is a 1002 model which was manufactured in the 1950s and 1960s.

Rolex wristwatch (face, band & movement) owned by William Calvin Shepheard (1914-1983)

It has a Calibre 1560 movement which beats (or ticks) at 18,000 bph (beats per hour). The movement has a straight-line lever escapement and a Breguet balance spring and is meant to be worn every day. The serial number of 1221621 indicates it was manufactured in 1964-65.

About William Calvin Shepheard (1914-1983)

William Calvin Shepheard was the eldest son of James Pearson Shepheard (1891-1965) and Carrie Jane Thompson (1889-1959). He was born in Irricana, Alberta, on 10 December 1914. The family farmed in the area for several decades while Bill was growing up.

Bill married Norma Mabel Miller (1917-1974) in 1939 at Irricana. They moved to Calgary shortly after where they had five children.

William Calvin Shepheard died on 3 November 1983 at the Vernon Fanning Care Centre in Calgary.

Jessie Walker (Cooper) McKay’s Watch Pendant

The watch part of the pendant necklace pictured here belonged to Linda’s mother, Jessie Walker (Cooper) McKay. She acquired it in Calgary, Alberta, sometime in the 1950s, perhaps as a gift.

Jessie kept the watch and wore it regularly. It came to Linda when she died. We had Jessie’s name and birth date engraved on the back of the watch so that anyone looking at it would know from whom it had come.

The watch pendant was given to granddaughter Calista James.

Components of the watch pendant owned by Jessie Walker (Cooper) McKay (1908-1998)v

About the Watch Necklace

The watch was purchased at People’s (Credit) Jewellers in Calgary in the 1950s possibly as a birthday or anniversary present. It is a vintage Bertmar with a 17-jewel mechanical Swiss movement and a 10k rolled gold case.

Bertmar was the house brand name for People’s and named for the two sons of the store’s founder: Bert(rand) and Mar(vin) Gerstein.

Originally the watch had a black cord band that was replaced at least once. In 2007 I had Birks Jewellers incorporate the watch into a pendant necklace for a Christmas present to Linda, so that she could wear it when dressing up. The cable chain is 29 inches long and made of 14k gold, with a lobster clasp. The bezels are set with the birthstones of Jessie (Blue Topaz) and Linda (Amethyst).

About Jessie Walker (Cooper) McKay (1908-1998)

Jessie Walker Cooper was born on 7 December 1908 in Glasgow, Scotland, to parents Alexander Cooper (1867-1927) and Elizabeth Walker (1882-1922). She attended school in Maryhill, a district of Glasgow, graduating in 1926 from the Gilshochill Girls’ Industrial (boarding) School.

She immigrated to Canada on 8 August 1930 on the ship, Athenia. In Calgary, Alberta she met William Alexander McKay (1905-1976). They married there in 1931 and spent the rest of their lives in the city. Bill and Jessie had five children together of whom Linda was the youngest.

Jessie died at the Brentwood Care Centre in Calgary on 11 February 1998.

Family Heirlooms

All the watches, of course, have special sentimental value, having been owned by our parents and before them, for some devices, grandparents and great-grandparents.

They were given to our grandchildren in hope that they would cherish their time and be reminded constantly that they were loved.