Parts
of this post were originally published in an article titled Twists and Turns in Search of Elizabeth
Cooper: A lesson in family research, in the October 2010 issue of Chinook, the quarterly journal of the
Alberta Family Histories Society and in the Summer issue of Cootin Kin, the quarterly journal of the
Shetland Family History Society.
Many
of the stories told by the family of my wife, Linda’s maternal grandfather,
Alexander Cooper, proved not to be entirely accurate. But after unravelling his
history we found that they all had just a grain of truth in them.
Alexander
was born illegitimate. Yes, it’s true! It says so on his birth record. The name
of his father was not recorded but on many documents completed later in his
life he did state a few different men as being his father. It is probable that his
children knew about his origin but it was never discussed. Growing up in the
early part of the 20th century, these things were not mentioned.
A
story has been told that, as a young man, he ran away from home and joined the
army. It was said that he apparently did not get along with his father and took
his mother’s maiden name instead.
On
Alexander’s military attestation record, dated August 19, 1885, he indicated
his father’s name was John (no surname), then of 2 Albert Street, Govan,
Glasgow. His mother, Elizabeth, did marry a man named John Blackburn, a
dockyard worker, but not until April 4, 1871, over four years after Alexander’s
birth. John was living in the same apartment building as Elizabeth’s sister,
Ann, and her family in 1871. There seems little doubt that is where Elizabeth
and John met. The couple appears to have split up prior to April 1881 when the
census for that year was taken. He was then living on Main Street in Govan,
Glasgow, while Elizabeth and Alexander were on John Street, about six blocks
away, both using the surname, Blackburn. Main Street was just off Albert
Street. John Blackburn died in November 1885 and his death record shows he was
then living on Greenbaugh Street in Govan, which location I have not yet found.
[See Note below about a previous
post.]
There
may well have been a rocky relationship in the family which may have been the
source of the story that he did not get along with his “father” but it begs the
question of why Alexander chose to put his step-father’s name (we presume
“John” was in reference to John Blackburn) on his attestation form rather than
his mother’s. He did join the Scottish Rifles as Alexander Cooper. There was no
formal adoption process in Britain in the late 19th century so
Alexander would not necessarily have taken the name of his step-father in any
case. That could have been the reason why he registered for military service
using his mother’s maiden name.
To
our knowledge Alexander never talked about his mother, or her family, whether
that was due to a natural reticence about speaking about personal things or
embarrassment about his birth status we can never know. Perhaps the use of his
step-father’s name on his military service record is an indication that he did
not get along with his mother, but remained on good terms with his step-father,
and thus the true story of familial discord was not quite what was told later.
Alexander
also told his children he was brought up in the Lossiemouth area, in northern
Scotland. His first wife, Margaret Scott, who he married in 1890, was born in
Lossiemouth, as were his two children by her. These facts may have contributed
to the story of his own upbringing in that area or perhaps the children just
got the story wrong in the retelling.
We
did search for Alexander and his mother on records from the Lossiemouth area
but did not find him. We even posted a message on Rootsweb’s
Moray email list for any information about Elizabeth and/or Alexander Cooper
and his participation in any area schools. A local researcher took a personal
interest and looked at all of the school registration records between 1873 and
1880 but did not find anyone of that name. Out of curiosity she also looked at
the 1881 Scotland census for anyone with just the first name of Alexander (a search
criteria we had not thought of using alone), born within 2 years of 1868 in
Shetland and came up with one interesting possibility, a Elizabeth Coupar Blackburn,
aged 47 with a son Alexander Blackburn, aged 14, both born in Delting, Shetland
and living in Govan. That was an interesting and valuable revelation which led
us back to the Glasgow region to search further.
Interestingly,
on both of his marriage records, Alexander lied about his background. On the
first he put his mother’s name down as Elizabeth Cooper, nee Spence and his
father as William Cooper. On the record of his second marriage, to Elizabeth
Walker, Linda’s grandmother, he put down his mother’s name as Elizabeth Cooper,
nee Lawrence and his father as William Cooper. The name William may have been
borrowed from his great-grandfather, although William had died before Alexander
was born. His grandmother’s maiden name of Laurenson was not far off the name
Lawrence.
Elizabeth
was not entirely truthful at times either. She never used her true age on any
census record. On both of her marriage records, to John Blackburn, in 1871, and
James Ross, in 1891, she gave the names of her parents as Andrew Couper/Cooper
and Eliza, nee Marshall. We have good evidence from other documents, including
her birth and death records, as well as the birth, marriage and death records
of her sisters, that her parent’s names were Andrew Couper and Margaret Laurenson.
Stories
passed down through generations are often prone to some embellishing, or even
outright fabrication as family member may have sought to hide the most
embarrassing events of their lives. But there may sometimes be a grain of truth
to them, too, so that when the true facts are known one might understand why
certain things were said.
References
Shepheard,
Wayne. (2010). Finding Elizabeth Couper. Cootin
Kin, number 75, pp. 6-15.
Shepheard,
Wayne. (2010). Twists and Turns in Search of Elizabeth Cooper. Chinook, 31/1, pp. 16-22.
Wayne
Shepheard is a volunteer with the Online Parish Clerk program,
handling four parishes in Devon, England. He has
published a number of articles about various aspects of genealogy and is a past
Editor of Chinook, the quarterly
journal of the Alberta Family Histories Society. Wayne also provides
genealogical consulting services through his business, Family History Facilitated.
