Monday, 14 March 2016

Losing a Big Sister

Priscilla Lynn (Shepheard) Pettitt
(1940-2016)

I lost my big sister last week. Lynn was here when the other children in my family arrived and occupied a very important part of our lives. I suppose any one of us could have been the first. Only an accidental combination of chromosomes resulted in her coming along before the rest of us.

Things work out the way they are supposed to, though. As the oldest she merrily led the way into all of our futures – when we felt like following her. She walked first; she talked first; she went to and finished school first; got married and had children first.

When I was saying good bye to her last week I of course got thinking about how I could explain why she was so special to me.

Something came to my mind that our mother used to say – generally when one of us kids let our sense of self-importance rise a little too high. She told us that, “You were all cut from the same piece of cloth!”

The same piece of cloth! That matter-of-fact statement was a reminder that no one’s self-interest was supposed to be greater than the others’.

The first time I heard Mom say that, as a little guy, I didn’t totally understand what she was talking about. And I wasn’t sure what kind of fabric she meant. I figured it must have to do with having the same parents but that’s where the analogy stopped. I had this image in my mind of a cookie-cutter, punching out identical gingerbread men from rolled-out dough or scissors cutting a people chain out of folded paper. Both produce a bunch of lookalike individuals. I do remember it was not a real appealing thought at the time. I mean, I didn’t want to look or be like my sisters for goodness sake.

I did learn that this particular cloth we were cut from had the ability to maintain itself and stay fresh, so other pieces could be cut from it later – in total five times in our case. But the pieces never were really totally separated. Not all of the threads were completely severed even though each of us stood apart.

What I have also come to appreciate over the years is that, while our origins were the same, this piece of cloth was a kind of magical fabric that allowed a wide range of individual personalities to develop and yet still have them share so much – things like some physical traits, of course, and some emotional ones too I guess: stubbornness, single-mindedness and quick tempers on occasion come to mind. Or so I have been told. Lynn also had that amazing quality of always being upbeat and positive which is pretty important for the oldest sibling when you think about it but difficult for the others to always match.

Through the nurturing of our parents we developed a set of values – among them, exhibiting good behaviour and respect for others, for example – not always easy in practice. With those early admonitions, Mom was really telling us that those important qualities were imbued in that special cloth we were made of. That was so because the pieces of cloth she and Dad had been cut from possessed certain virtues, and what they created together would also contain them.

Our parents allowed, or perhaps resigned themselves to expect that we would make mistakes along the way while developing our own personas and individualities. That happens because of what threads that fabric is made of – mystical elements that allow individuals to become so different in so many ways but still be made of similar stuff. As it turned out my sisters and I could probably not have been more different – and yet alike, too, in many ways!

Lynn encountered difficulties along the way, as most people do, not the least of which were serious health problems. She never let any of them get her down for long, though. Her positive attitude got her through all the low points. Her cheery disposition was a model for the rest of us – one perhaps we did not always take to heart or recognize were also in our pieces of the cloth as well.

Lynn and her husband, Roy went on to fabricate their own piece of cloth, something I know that had many of the same attributes she had. As I look at my nephews now, and how they conduct themselves, I know it was an admirable piece of material.

Siblings have a unique bond which is primarily due to the distinctiveness of their origin – coming from the same piece of cloth – but enriched by the love and care of their parents. No matter what else happens in life, or even how irritated one might get with a sibling at times, there is an exclusive, irreplaceable and unbreakable relationship – often whether we like it or not. What we learn about social interaction begins between siblings, not all of it positive sometimes. Things don’t always run smooth between people this close.

The bond I had with my big sister was always very strong. She and I were born in the same month of the year – November – which gave us another reason to be close. I mean, everyone knows how special Scorpios are!

Siblings share beginnings and upbringing for only a short time – then make their own way – enjoying good times and enduring bad ones. We all grow up expecting certain things will happen, that our parents will be there to help us along for a while but eventually they will be gone, as happened with their parents. Then we’ll continue along our own paths, responsible for our own needs and chasing our own dreams.

We don’t really give a lot of thought to whether one of us might be lost along the way – until it happens!

We were all very young when our little brother, Jimmy died. It didn’t seem right but we hadn’t had a lot of time to develop really close ties and share a great many experiences together. He was only two at the time. We also hadn’t learned what being brothers and sisters really was all about. In a short time our little sister, Janice, came along and our world went back to being normal and in proper order again.

As time went by, each of us progressed in life, building other relationships, experiencing events personal to ourselves, producing our own unique pieces of cloth from which our children were cut – but still maintaining a contact with each other; because we were still connected by the threads of that worn yet still durable piece of material. We didn’t see or phone each other as much as we might or should have. We never thought we had to in order to maintain a close relationship. That did not mean our piece of cloth was not still intact, though.

The distances between us didn’t really matter although as you get older you seem to be less inclined to make even a short trip. When we did get together we enjoyed the occasions, catching up on news, having a laugh with and about each other – especially when Lynn was part of the group and she was doing the cooking.

It’s a big shock when a sibling dies, especially someone that has been there throughout your entire lifetime. It can also be a stark reminder of your own mortality. While driving home, after our last visit with Lynn, my sister, Sharon, said to me, “When someone has been around for so long, you just take it for granted they will continue to be there.”

When you lose a sibling, it’s like your piece of the same fabric from which you both were cut has been torn, too. And it hurts!

In one instant you see and remember everything you shared together – over 70 years in my case. Two lifetimes, separate but intertwined. We survive – with a small hole in our hearts. But also with much joy as well – for having been part of a family, for having been part of one special piece of cloth.

Not everyone is so lucky to be able, as siblings do, to share happiness, sadness, elation, pride, tribulation, frustration, friendship, exasperation, disagreements, grief – in other words – a full life. Siblings have that ability to combine the best and worst and just go on, never losing touch entirely but never having to always be in touch completely.

We did not always remember to phone each other on our birthdays, for instance, but we did not forget them.


I won’t forget Lynn in the future either. I know there will always exist that special piece of cloth from which we were cut, that connected us in life and that will continue to keep me close toher in spirit and with great memories.

Tuesday, 1 March 2016

Those pesky 4th (or more distant) cousins!

I read a very interesting summary about the reliability of DNA with respect to confirming familial relationships in the latest issue of Quarterly, the journal of the Association of Professional Genealogists (December 2015, volume XXX, number 4) by Dr. Blaine R. Bettinger (Understanding DNA Sharing Probabilities among Close Relatives). In the paper, he discussed how difficult it can be to determine whether people are related past the level of 4th cousins. And, by the way, he did it language that all of us can clearly understand, something that is not always the case with articles on such technical subjects.



Now, of course, many researchers have had success in finding members of their family who are very distant cousins, mostly through traditional genealogical means I think, though. I am not convinced yet that people can very often find those same individuals just through DNA. Dr. Bettinger points out that, because of the way DNA is passed down through generations, with 5th cousins and beyond “[t]here is a greater chance of not sharing DNA than there is of sharing DNA. Accordingly, lack of sharing between fifth cousins or a more distant relationship is not meaningful evidence.”

That is kind of what I was getting at in my post of 26 January 2016 (Why would we care about 4th cousins? Or even more distant relatives?). As I said, DNA can be great. I met a few 2nd cousins through 23andMe, but only because we all had our DNA tested by that company! That is the biggest problem I see in finding those elusive family lines when other genealogical information is missing. If no one in those branches gets tested we might never come across them let alone confirm their relationships.

Having said that, of course, my wife and I both had our DNA tested and I persuaded a male cousin to do so as well. It was done just in the hope that there might be other family members out there who might test theirs and we might make contact with each other. I guess that’s the real game of family research, anyway – get more lines in the water (cousin bait as Randy Seaver says).

I am looking forward to Dr. Bettinger’s next installment about DNA in Quarterly but I also hope he will publish these comments in other journals where non-professional family historians will be able to read them.

I do see DNA testing as a tool but not the end-all-and-be-all. Genealogists seek blood relatives for the most part although not all members of real families are always genetically related (as I stated in my post of 13 January 2015 (Don’t Forget About Those Half-Brothers and Sisters).

If you can find cousins and confirm their relationships with DNA, that’s great! But I think there is still no substitute for vigorous traditional genealogical research in assembling a true and accurate family tree.


Wayne Shepheard is a volunteer with the Online Parish Clerk program in England, handling four parishes in Devon, England. He has published a number of articles about various aspects of genealogy and is the Editor of Relatively Speaking, the quarterly journal of the Alberta Genealogical Society. Wayne also provides genealogical consulting services through his business, Family History Facilitated.

Thursday, 25 February 2016

I only have 126 fifth great-grandparents!

OK, I know that does not seem all that exciting. After all, these people lived over 200 years ago so how important can it be?

Two of my 4X great-grandparents, John Shepheard (1768-1845) and Jane Treby Shepheard (1769-1851), were first cousins who married each other (29 July 1791). Their fathers were brothers so that chopped the number of my 5X great-grandparents by 2, my 6X great-grandparents by 4, my 7X great-grandparents by 8, and so on. This example is not terribly surprising as there are cases in almost every family where cousins marry, shortening the overall family tree. It is just more obvious when they share the same surname. I have found one other case in my family in the same area although it does not deal with people in my direct line.
 
Marriage record for John Shepheard and Jane Treby Shepheard, Cornwood parish, Devon
In a recent blog post, James Tanner refers to this situation as pedigree collapse. He goes on to say, “[i]n families that come from a rather limited geographic area, it is entirely possible that everyone in the entire area is somehow related and that shared pedigrees are the rule rather than the exception.” What is surprising in the case of my family is that these great-grandparents did come from quite a small parish, Cornwood, in southwest Devon, England but I have found, so far, few examples of cousins marrying in any family. Mind you, while I have transcribed every baptism, marriage and burial in the parish registers back to 1685, I have not done a full analysis of all of the families who lived there. Perhaps there are more examples in the area than I think there are. As far as I can determine, in my direct family line this is the only example of cousins marrying.

What must have been interesting back in the late 18th century in this family is that the children of John and Jane had two fewer great-grandparents which really changed their ancestral line. I am sure it did not matter to these children since all of the great-grandparents were dead before either of them were born.

The children of John and Jane, though, including my 3X great-grandfather, John Shepheard (1792-1870), only had 96 5X great-grandparents, when they normally might have had 128 (25% fewer). The pedigree collapse seems more real when considering these individuals. Do you suppose they talked about their grandfathers being brothers or did they really care at that stage of their lives? Over time, generations can make up ground and the collapse does not appear to be all that great. In my case the difference at the 5X great-grandparent stages is only two people, or 1.56%. It’s hard to get your head around that many grandparents of a generation that far back.

It is interesting when you find close relatives marrying – I consider first cousins pretty close. You have to think, in a small parish like Cornwood they knew each other very well growing up, probably went to school together, attended church with their families together and generally socialized so it was, in the end, just natural that an attraction would develop. John and Jane were married for 54 years until his death in 1845. They lived the entire time within a mile or so of where they had been born and very near most of their children and grandchildren. It must have been quite a love story.
 
Gravestone for John and Jane Treby Shepheard, Cornwood, Devon
Wayne Shepheard is a volunteer with the Online Parish Clerk program in England, handling four parishes in Devon, England. He has published a number of articles about various aspects of genealogy and is the Editor of Relatively Speaking, the quarterly journal of the Alberta Genealogical Society. Wayne also provides genealogical consulting services through his business, Family History Facilitated.