Thursday, 20 November 2025

Turning 80, a milestone or just a number?

 Last night I went to bed still a septuagenarian. Today I am 80!

I am now processing that fact.

Even after pondering the approaching event for a few years, I’m still not sure how to fully accept that I have crossed this next line (milestone?) in life. Or if there is an actual line. I don’t feel older than I did yesterday, but I am sure I will be perceived as being so. I suspect most of my friends and relatives who have surpassed this age would agree. In that respect it’s more than just a number.

I certainly have more memories accumulated than I did decades ago, or even last year at this time. I am pretty sure my memory is still as intact as it was last year, or last decade. It does stumble a bit on occasion, though, maybe because there is so much more to remember now. (That’s my explanation and I am sticking to it.)

It’s not strange to think about things that happened, in my personal life or the world in general, in the 1950s or 1960s, that most of my immediate family cannot relate to. Our grandchildren, just beginning their adult lives, were not even born until the 21st century when I was well into middle age (so they tell me).

I made it through a complicated professional career, not without some turmoil as it turned out. I met many new friends along the way but moved away from most of those I knew growing up. Many people probably experience these things. Notwithstanding a few adverse events, the paths I took and decisions I made seemed like good ideas at the time (my life motto in many respects). They did not all turn out as such, though.

I am busier now that I thought I would be at this age, mostly with genealogy stuff (researching ancestors, writing articles, giving talks) that has become more than a hobby. When you get older, and away from the demands of a normal work schedule, you have more time, and inclination, to think about the past (not just your own): who were the people in your family who came before you and what did they achieve. Are we subconsciously comparing notes?

In my “retirement” I am reading much more concerning a wider variety of subjects and events. I have more time to do so, of course. I have learned a lot more about people and the world, about the history of civilizations, and perhaps why societies have reached the junctures they have, than I ever did in school. Our progress as humans has been quite astonishing, even or especially in my lifetime, but I worry sometimes about how our grandchildren will accept or manage what we are leaving them. (As we age, we tend to get more philosophical!)

My day-to-day world has changed substantively!

·         My personal files now are almost entirely stored electronically, including correspondence, household data, financial and health records, articles I have written, photographs, etc. This was information I kept in print form and saved in filing cabinets and binders years ago.

·         I have more aches and pains than I used to. Bodies don’t always react well to aging.

·         I find movies and TV programs about and starring older people more interesting.

·         I am reasonably content with a 20-year-old SUV (a term not even coined until well after I acquired my first “station wagon”). But occasionally I would like to have back the sporty Alfa Romeo I owned as a young man.

In my office I am surrounded by things from my childhood as well as records and mementoes I have collected about my ancestors. All my family photo albums are now digitized (a word I did not know growing up) and on my computer (a device I also knew nothing about as a child) and available on internet sites for others to see (an idea that had no meaning until well after I had graduated from university). I even keep a (smart) phone in my pocket, which most of my family find quite amusing given my history of not using such devices until well after they were invented and became widely available.

There are a lot of interesting things to say about turning 80 (as there was, of course, for 70…and 60…and 50…):

·         It marks a significant life event (surviving that long is certainly noteworthy).

·         It implies a lifetime of accomplishments (presumably) besides the number of years tallied.

·         It symbolizes a wealth of experience and wisdom achieved (or just as likely mistakes made).

·         You don’t get older, you get better (at what pundits don’t say).

·         Old people tend to get grumpier. (Well, some people might say I have always tended that way.)

·         Still bright as a new penny (those are no longer made here).

·         Some people even declare “80 is awesome” (if you can ignore those new aches and pains).

Only a small percentage of people reach 80 years of age. Currently in Canada about 6% of the population is over 80. The average life span for Canadians is 81.65 years: just under 80 for males (Yea! I made it.) and nearly 84 for females. In 1945, the year that I was born, one could expect to live for 64.7 years. A hundred years earlier it was only 40.5 years. If you made it to age 65 in 2010 (as I did) you had quite a good chance of seeing 84. But statistics are just numbers. Right?

Several of my direct maternal ancestors reached this age; very few of my direct paternal ancestors – back to nine generations – have done so, though. One sister has made it past 80; one sister did not; and one sister is closing in. A brother died as a toddler. Most of my mother’s siblings made it well past 80, two into their 90s. She did not reach 60, however. My father did not get to be 70, but his brother reached 80 and his sister has passed 90. Overall, my genes appear to be working in my favour.

Genetic history (another term I have learned about in recent years) plays an important role getting this far, assuming you survive the risks of normal daily activities. (Driving a two-decade old car on public thoroughfares can still be an adventure.)

At this time of life, friends and relatives are disappearing. Not all of them were older than me and that is always distressing.

One benefit of getting older, though, has been that I have many family members who help me do things that make my tasks easier. I love and am very fortunate that I have them in my life.

As I said, I am still processing this move into my 81st year. I probably will until I move into my 91st.

But, for now, I am pleased to say, “I am eighty!”



Monday, 27 October 2025

Natural Disasters and Family Misfortunes: Jamestown Drought

Sometimes moving to new places in search of opportunity or a better life does not work out as well as people thought it might. As an example, a long-lasting drought probably had a major impact on the outcome of the early American colonies.

In 1585 new settlers came to Roanoke Island, in what is now North Carolina, to begin a new life. In 1607 Jamestown Colony, in what was to be Virginia, was established. 

According to a 1998 study, The Lost Colony and Jamestown Drought, the authors state that between 1587 and 1589, “. . . the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island disappeared during the most extreme drought in 800 years. . .” They also comment that between 1606 and 1612, “. . . the alarming mortality and the near abandonment of Jamestown Colony occurred during the driest 7-year episode in 770 years.” 

A map from the North American Drought Atlas for 1610 illustrates the area of the southeast part of the continent impacted by the drought. Maps are constructed using measurements of tree rings which are direct indications of periods of drought (red end of spectrum) or wet (blue end) conditions. http://drought.memphis.edu/NADA/MapDisplay.aspx 

Data collected from tree-ring measurements, as well as population and immigration estimates, in the region strongly suggest that mortality rates rose with increasing aridity (drought index).

The new settlers in America had the greatest bad luck to arrive at a time when drought in this region was widespread and possibly the worst it had been in centuries. Even considering threats from other sources, such as the potential conflict with the native population, it is no wonder the colonies failed.

Reference:

Stahle, David W., Malcolm K. Cleaveland, Dennis B. Blanton, Matthew D. Therrell & David A. Gay. (1998). The Lost Colony and Jamestown Droughts. Science, 280(5363), pp 564-567.

Sunday, 7 September 2025

FamilySearch’s Full-Text Search Exploration Revisited

I wrote about FamilySearch’s Full-Text Search module on 15 July 2025 (FamilySearch Full-Text Search ... and other AI processes for reading old handwritten documents). In that post I described how FamilySearch is making major inroads to viewing old documents, providing valuable transcriptions of them, and expanding the abilities of family historians to find elusive ancestors. At that point the technique was still in the testing stage, part of a group of experimental programs.

Well, Full-Text Search has now gone mainstream. Searching scanned documents in their library for names and keywords for almost any subject is now a main category under the Search menu on the FamilySearch home webpage. To use the almost limitless capabilities of the FamilySearch resources you only need to register a free account.  


Hundreds of thousands of records from over 4,300 collections have been added to the inventory of searchable documents with more coming online regularly. Most importantly, non-indexed names and words can now be found, a major advancement in the hunt for family information.

Since I wrote my last blog post, I have wanted to do a bit more detailed looking at possible records of interest. This time I went looking for all mentions of our surname “shepheard” from the main home page search menu.


In all categories and in all places worldwide, the total hits for the name were 36,999. Most (19,158) were in records from the United Kingdom and Ireland with a close second for USA records (16,129). The other 1,712 references were from Africa (30), Asia & Middle East (3), Australia & New Zealand (1,192), Canada (446), Caribbean & Central America (15), Continental Europe (12), South America (2 and Other (24).


I selected the UK & Ireland regions, moved down to England (16,790 hits) and then down to Devon (3,203). That is the area where most of my Shepheard family originated. I could have further narrowed down the review in various specific Collections (15 of them), Centuries (1500 to 1900) and Record Types (59). These are summarized below.


Vital records, that is birth/baptism, marriage and death/burial entries, represent the largest proportion, as might be expected (2,212 hits, 69%). These are records that are most likely to be indexed.


Shepheard appears in records from 79 Devon parishes, most in the southern part of the county. Again, this would have been predicted as that is the region where the Shepheard families were most prevalent.

The images presented are of very good quality, many much better than the copies I obtained over the past few years from other sources. There are a few inconsistencies in the transcriptions as one might expect using old document. Some of the hits are different pages of the same collection but that does not dimmish their importance.

Restricting my search to a specific spelling, of course, meant that I missed seeing many individuals, but that can easily be remedied by doing more broadly defined searches. For different spellings one can substitute a ? for a letter.

So, a search for “sheph?rd” resulted in 2,216,970 hits (UK & Ireland = 285,409; USA = 1,806,249; England = 256,779; Devon = 12,927). And another search for “shep??rd” got 3,261,473 hits (UK & Ireland = 389,635; USA = 2,643,351; England = 344,944; Devon = 15,980). Both identified a much greater number of individuals in the primary regions of Devon.

The results of just this basic search for potential family members could lead to months if not years of work to review all the documents and look for possible relationships. Full-Test Search is truly a game changer.

And after my Shepheard ancestors I can look for other lines. For example, a search for Mayfield had 544,125 hits (UK & Ireland = 15,579; USA = 519,062; Maryland = 2,231; Baltimore = 729; 1800s = 301). This was the name of one of my 3rd great-grandfather, who was born in England in 1778 and migrated to the USA around 1810.

Obviously, there is an infinite number of searches that could be done which could add interesting and valuable information to my whole family tree.

Following is a summary of the 3,203 Shepheard search results for Devon in terms of numbers by area, collections, centuries and record types:

Full-Text Filtered Search Results (3,203)

Place: Devon, England, United Kingdom and Ireland

Collections (15)

England, Devon, Employment, from 1741 to 1838 (29)

England, Devon, Legal, from 1300 to 1600 (23)

England, Devon, Properties, 1745 (25)

United Kingdom, Biographies, from 1963 to 2009 (1)

United Kingdom, England, Biographies, from 1860 to 1884 (15)

United Kingdom, England, Deaths, from 29 September 1589 to 9 April 1877 (753)

United Kingdom, England, Education, from 1828 to 1839 (110)

United Kingdom, England, Employment, from 1753 to 1795 (73)

United Kingdom, England, Legal, from 28 March 1842 to 25 March 1845 (1,545)

United Kingdom, England, Marriages, from 1813 to 1868 (534)

United Kingdom, England, Others, from 1780 to 1933 (22)

United Kingdom, England, Poor Relief, from 1 March 1874 to 31 March 1874 (118)

United Kingdom, England, Properties, from 1628 to 1677 (200)

United Kingdom, England, Religious, from 12 April 1762 to 5 April 1863 (1,021)

United Kingdom, England, Residences, 1905 (9)

Totals by Century

1500s (2)

1600s (110)

1700s (535) 16.7%

1800s (1,592) 49.7%

1900s (221) 6.9%

Record Types (59)

Vital Records, Death Records, Burial Records (706)

Religious Records, Baptism Records (629)

Vital Records, Marriage Records (528)

Voting Records, Voting Registers (492)

Legal Records, Property Records, Land Estate Records, Land Estate Tax Records (438)

Religious Records, Parish Records (292)

Government Records, Tax Records, Tax Assessment Records (175)

Legal Records, Court Records (128)

Legal Records, Court Records, Probate Records (125)

School Records, School Enrollment Records, School Admission Registers (110)

Legal Records, Property Records, Rent Records (104)

Religious Records, Churchwarden Records (97)

Legal Records, Property Records, Land Records (86)

Religious Records, Poor Rate Records (86)

Government Records, Tax Records, Rate Books (56)

Business Records, Sale Records (44)

Government Records, Overseer Records (44)

Government Records, Overseer Records, Overseer Accounts (40)

Business Records, Employment Records, Personnel Files (39)

Legal Records, Court Records, Court Orders (33)

Vital Records, Death Records, Cemetery Records, Burial Registers (31)

Legal Records, Property Records (30)

Business Records (17)

Reference Materials, History Records (16)

Government Records, Public Records (16)

Government Records, Poor Law Records, Almshouse Records (9)

Religious Records, Poor House Records (9)

Reference Materials, Historical Geographies (8)

Vital Records, Death Records (7)

Vital Records, Death Records, Cemetery Records, Gravestone Transcription Records (7)

Genealogies (7)

Religious Records, Poor Relief Records (7)

Miscellaneous Records, Society Records (7)

Periodicals, Directories (6)

Legal Records, Property Records, Land Records, Land Assessment Records (6)

Business Records, Occupation Records (6)

Government Records, Poor Law Records, Poor Law Settlement Records (6)

Religious Records, Religious Marriage Records (6)

Religious Records, Baptism Records, Christening Records (4)

Government Records, Oath Rolls (4)

Government Records, Tax Records, Valuation Records (4)

Religious Records, Bishop Transcript Records (3)

Periodicals, Directories, City Directories (3)

Legal Records, Property Records, Land Records, Freeholder Records (3)

Genealogies, Heraldry Records (2)

Miscellaneous Records (2)

Legal Records, Court Records, Property Settlement Records (2)

Legal Records, Court Records, Bastardy Records, Bastardy Declarations (2)

Government Records, Nobility Records (2)

Voting Records, Voter Lists (2)

Vital Records, Death Records, Cemetery Records (1)

Vital Records, Death Records, Cemetery Records, Grave Registers (1)

Genealogies, Family Histories, Family History Record Indexes (1)

Legal Records, Court Records, Probate Records, Probate Indexes (1)

Government Records, Poor Law Records, Parish Poor Law Records (1)

Government Records, Town Records (1)

Government Records, Poor Law Records (1)

Reference Materials (1)